Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated to PhD, Ph.D., or sometimes D.Phil. in English-speaking countries, for the Greek διδάκτωρ φιλοσοφίας (Latin philosophiae doctor). Here φιλοσοφία/philosophy, literally translating tο "the love of wisdom", is used in the original Greek sense, loosely meaning "the pursuit of in-depth knowledge" and does not exclusively refer to the field we today define as philosophy.

A PhD is an advanced academic degree awarded by universities. In most English-speaking countries, the PhD is the highest degree one can earn[dubious – discuss]. The PhD or equivalent has become a requirement for a career as a university professor or researcher in most fields. The academic level of degrees known as doctorates of philosophy varies according to the country and time period.

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